The island is home to a number of rare and globally-threatened birds, including the Lesser Adjutant ( Leptoptil os javanicus), Milky Stork ( Myc teria cineria) and Chinese Egret ( Egretta eulophotes), as well as mangrove specialists such as the Mangrove Pitta ( Pitta megarhyncha), Mangrove Whistler ( Pachycephala cinerea) and Mangrove Blue Flycatcher ( Cyornis rufigastra). Pulau Kukup forms part of the South-west Johor Coast Important Bird & Biodiversity Area (IBA) one of 55 IBAs across Malaysia identified by Birdlife International to be of international significance for the conservation of the world’s birds and other wildlife. the mangrove skink (Emoia atrocostata), Asian water monitor (Varanus salvator), saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), dog-faced water snake (Cerberus rynchops), mangrove pit viper (Cryptelytrops purpureornaculatus) and mangrove snake (Boiga dendrophila). Six species of reptiles are present on Pulau Kukup, i.e. Pulau Kukup is also an important route for dolphins transitioning between the island and mainland.
The flat-headed cat (Prionailurus planiceps), an elusive wetland specialist that is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, has also been recorded on the island, as well as the bearded pig ( Sus barbatus), whose present distribution in Peninsular Malaysia is largely limited to Johor. The forest supports seven species of mammals, including the flying fox ( Pteropus vampyrus), smooth otter ( Lutra perspicillata) and Asian palm civet ( Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).
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